Martini, Martino
(Chinese name Wei).
Distinguished Austrian Jesuit missionary to the Chinese, in the seventeenth century. He was born at Trent in 1614; and on 8 October 1631, entered the Austrian province of his order; where he studied mathematics under Athanasius Kircher in the Roman College, probably with the intention of being sent to China. He set out for China in 1640, and arrived in 1643. While there he made great use of his talents as missionary, scholar, writer and superior. In 1650 he was sent to Rome as procurator for the Chinese Mission, and took advantage of the long, adventurous voyage (going first to the Philippines, from thence on a Dutch privateer to Batavia, he reached Bergen in Norway, 31 August 1653), to sift his valuable historical and cartographical data on China. During his sojourn in Europe the works were printed that made his name so famous. In 1658 he returned with provisionally favourable instructions on the question of ritual to China, where he laboured until his death in Hangtscheu, 6 June, 1661. According to the attestation of P, Prosper Intorcetta (“Litt. Annuae”. 1861); his body was found undecayed twenty years after. Richthofen calls Martini “the leading geographer of the Chinese mission, one who was unexcelled, and hardly equaled, during the eighteenth century . . . There was no other missionary, either before or after, who made such diligent use of his time in acquiring information about the country.” (China, I, 674 sq.)
Martini’s most important work is his “Novus Atlas Sinensis” (Vienna, 1653), with 17 maps and 171 pages of text, a work which is, according to Richthofen, “the most complete geographical description of China that we possess, and through which Martini has become the father of geographical learning on China”. Of the great chronological work which Martini had planned, and which was to comprise the whole Chinese history from the earliest age, one the first part appeared: “Sinicæ Historiæ, Decas I” (Munich, 1658). His “De Bello Tartarico Historiæ” (Cologne, 1654) is also important as Chinese history, for Martini himself had lived through the frightful occurrences which brought about the overthrow of the ancient Ming dynasty. The works have been repeatedly published and translated into different languages (cf. Sommervogel, “Bibliothèque” . . . etc.). Interesting as missionary history is his “Brevis relatione de numero et qualitate Christianorum apud Sinæ” (Rome, 1654; Cologne, 1655; Ger. ed., 1654). Besides these, Martini wrote a series of theological and apologetical works in Chinese. Several works, among them a Chinese translation of the works of Suarez, still exist in his handwriting (cf. Sommervogel and H. Cardier, “Essai d’une bibliographie des ouvrages publiés en Chine parles Européens” Paris, 1882).
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The scientific correspondence between Martini and his distinguished teacher. P. ATHANANSIUS KIRCHER, is to be found in his Magnes (3rd ed., Rome, 1654), 316, 318, 348. An excellent appreciation by SCHRAMEIER of Martini is to be found in Peking Society, II, 99-119; cf. also Globus, LXXXVII p. 157.
A. HUONDER Transcribed by C.A. Montgomery
The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume IXCopyright © 1910 by Robert Appleton CompanyOnline Edition Copyright © 2003 by K. KnightNihil Obstat, October 1, 1910. Remy Lafort, CensorImprimatur. +John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York
Fuente: Catholic Encyclopedia
Martini, Martino
a Jesuit missionary, was born at Trent in 1614, visited China, and published, after his return, De Bello Tartarico in Sinis, which was translated into the principal European languages; also an excellent map of China (Atlas Sinensis), and a History of China previous to the Christisan Aera. He died in 1661.