Teichmller, Gustav
(1832-1888) Strongly influenced by Leibniz and Lotze and anticipating some recent philosophic positions, taught a thoroughgoing personalism by regarding the “I”, given immediately in experience as a unit, as the real substance, the world of ideas a projection of its determinations (perspectivism). Nature is appearance, substantiality being ascribed to it only in analogy to the “I”. Consciousness and knowledge are clearly separated, the latter being specific and semiotic. Reality is interpreted monadologically. — K.F.L.