And Mizraim begot Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim,
13. Mizraim ] In Gen 10:6, “the sons of Ham” are Cush, Mizraim, Put, and Canaan. The “sons of Cush” were given in Gen 10:7. In Gen 10:13-14 the genealogy is continued with the “sons of Mizraim.” The intervening passage ( Gen 10:8-12) has been a parenthesis. The names here mentioned are probably tribes on the borders of Egypt.
Ludim ] Mentioned also in Jer 46:9; presumably the same as Lud in Isa 66:19; Eze 27:10; Eze 30:5.
the Anamim ] W. Max Mller suggests that these are the Kinamim who dwelt in the largest and southernmost oasis, designated in the Egyptian inscriptions K’n’mt. Very strange is the reading of the LXX . Cf. 1Ch 1:11.
Lehabim ] Possibly the same as the “Libyans,” who appear as Lubim in 2Ch 12:3; 2Ch 16:8; Dan 11:43; Nah 3:9. The Libyans were the African tribes west of Cyrene.
Naphtuhim ] The Egyptologist Erman suggests that this name is the corruption of the word P-t-mi, the Egyptian designation for the dwellers in the north, i.e. the Delta of Egypt ( Z. A. T. W. 1890, pp. 118, 119).
Another suggestion is that it represents the name of the third great oasis, between Ammon and K’n’mt, bearing the name of Ferfia. Cf. 1Ch 1:11.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Verse 13. Mizraim begat Ludim] Supposed to mean the inhabitants of the Mareotis, a canton in Egypt, for the name Ludim is evidently the name of a people.
Anamim] According to Bochart, the people who inhabited the district about the temple of Jupiter Ammon.
Lehabim] The Libyans, or a people who dwelt on the west of the Thebaid, and were called Libyo-Egyptians.
Naphtuhim] Even the conjectures can scarcely fix a place for these people. Bochart seems inclined to place them in Marmarica, or among the Troglodytae.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Of
Ludim and the following names here and Gen 10:14, observe two things:
1. They are not the names of persons, but of people or nations; and the word father is here understood; Ludim, for the father of the people called Ludim, and so the rest.
2. That they are the several nations dwelling in Africa, springing from the Egyptians, which, as they multiplied, went further and further westward and southward from Egypt.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
And Mizraim begat Ludim,…. Mizraim was the second son of Ham, of whom [See comments on Ge 10:6]. Ludim he is said to beget, the word being plural, is not the name of a man, but of his posterity; and the sense is, that Mizraim begat the father of the Ludim, whose name very probably was Lud, which name is preserved in Isa 66:19. These Ludim are the same with the Lydians, Jer 46:9 and whose country is called Lydia, Eze 30:5 but to be distinguished from Lydia in Asia Minor, and the Lydians there who sprung from Lud, a son of Shem, Ge 10:22 for, as these sprung from Mizraim, the founder of Egypt, they must be somewhere thereabout; and Bochart f has proved, by various arguments, that they are the Ethiopians in Africa, now called Abyssines, whose country lies to the south of Egypt, a people formerly famous for archery, as Lud and the Lydians are said to be, Isa 66:19 and whoever reads the accounts Diodorus Siculus g gives of the Egyptians and Ethiopians, will easily discern a likeness between them, and that the one sprung from the other; both deifying their kings; showing a like carefulness about their funerals; both using hieroglyphics; having the like order of priests, who used shaving; and circumcision was common to them both, as Herodotus observes h:
and Ananzim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim: the name of the father of the Anamim very probably was Anam, though we have no account of him elsewhere: according to Hillerus i, the Anamim were called so from the pastoral life they led; and, by a transposition of letters, were the same with the Maeonians, who inhabited that tract of land in Asia which was washed by the river Maeonia, or Maeander, and bordered on Lydia; but, as these were the descendants of Mizraim, they must be sought for somewhere about Egypt: much better therefore does Mr. Broughton k take them to be the Nubians and Numidians, which were near both Egypt and Ethiopia; though Bochart l seems to be most correct, in making them to be the Ammonians, who, Herodotus says, were a colony of the Egyptians and Ethiopians; these lived about Ammon and Nasamonitis, and in that part of Lybia in which the temple of Jupiter Ammon stood, and are the Nomades, that lived a pastoral life; and Bochart m thinks they are called Anamim, from Anam, which, in the Arabic language, signifies a “sheep”, because they fed sheep, and lived upon them, and clothed themselves with their skins. The word Lehabim, the name of another people from Mizraim, signifies “flames”; and were so called, as Jarchi observes, because their faces were like flames, see Isa 13:8 burnt with the heat of the sun, living near the torrid zone; and therefore could not be the Lycians, as Hillerus n thinks, the inhabitants of a country in Asia, between Caria and Pamphylia, formerly called Lycia, now Aidimelli, which he observes abounds with places that have their names from fire and flames, as Mount Chimaera, the cities Hephaestium, Myra, Lemyra, Habessus, Telmessus, Balbura, and Sirbis; but these were too far from Egypt, near which it is more probable the Lehabim were, and seem to be the same with the Lubim, which came with Shishak out of Egypt to invade Judea,
2Ch 12:3 and who were called Lybians, Jer 46:9 and their country Lybia, Eze 30:5 of which Leo Africanus a says, that it is a desert, dry and sandy, having neither fountains nor springs; which was near Egypt as well as Ethiopia, with which it is joined in the above place, see Ac 2:10. The word Naphtuhim, the name of another people that sprung from Mizraim, according to Hillerus o, signifies “open”; and he thinks they are the Pamphylians, who used to admit promiscuously all into their ports and towns, which were open to all strangers, and even robbers, for the sake of commerce; but, as these were a people in lesser Asia, they cannot be the people here meant. Bochart p observes, from Plutarch, that the Egyptians used to call the extreme parts of a country, and abrupt places and mountains adjoining to the sea, Nepthys, the same with Nephthuah; and therefore he is of opinion, that these Naphtuhim dwelt on the shores of the Mediterranean sea, near Egypt, in Marmorica; not far from whence was the temple of Aptuchus, mentioned by Ptolemy q, and placed by him in Cyrene, which carries in it some trace of the name of Naphtuhim; and he suspects that Neptune had his name from hence; he being a Lybian god, as Herodotus r says; for none ever used his name before the Lybians, who always honoured him as a god: and it may be observed, from Strabo s, that many of the temples of Neptune were on the sea shore. Some place these people about Memphis, the name of which was Noph,
Isa 19:13 but perhaps it may be much better to place them in the country of Nepate, between Syene and Meroc, where Candace, queen of Ethiopia, had her royal palace in the times of Strabo t.
f Phaleg. l. 4. c. 26. g Bibliothec. l. 2. p. 143, &c. h Euterpe sive, l. 2. c. 104. i Onomastic. Sacr. p. 283. k See his Works, p. 4, 60. l Phaleg. l. 4. c. 30. col. 284. m Ib. c. 42. n Onomastic. Sacr. p. 281, 583. a Descriptio Africae, l. 1. p. 74. o Onomastic Sacr. p. 161, 178, 283, 421. p Phaleg. l. 4. c. 26. q Geograph. l. 4. c. 4. r Herodot. Thalia, sive, l. 3. c. 21. Euterpe sive, l. 2. c. 50. s Geograph, l. 8. p. 237. t Geograph. l. 17. p. 564.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
(13, 14) With Mizraim are connected seven inferior African races, the names of which are given in the plural, namely:
1. The Ludim.There were two races of this name: one Semitic, descended from Lud, the son of Shem (Gen. 10:22), and mentioned in Isa. 66:19; the other Hamite, and subject to the Pharaohs ( Jer. 46:9; Eze. 30:5). They seem to have inhabited the Nile valley, but their exact position is unknown.
2. The Anamim.Knobel gives some reasons for supposing this race to have inhabited the Delta.
3. The Lehabim.Probably the same as the Lubim of 2Ch. 12:3; 2Ch. 16:8; Dan. 11:43; Nah. 3:9. Their home was on the western side of the Delta.
4. The Naphtuhim.Knobel explains these as the people of Phthah, the deity worshipped at Memphis. If so, they were the true Egyptians, as Egypt is Kah-Phthah, the land of Phthah, or more correctly, according to Canon Cook, Ai-Capth. (See Note on Capthorim.)
5. The Pathrusim.People of Pathros, or Upper Egypt. According to Canon Cook, Pa-t-res means the land of the south.
6. The Casluhim.Probably the people of Cassiotis, a mountainous district to the east of Pelusium.
7. The Philistim.The word Philistine means emigrant, and is translated alien, foreigner, by the LXXWe are here told that they came into Palestine as colonists from the Casluhim; but in Jer. 47:4, Amo. 9:7, they are described as a colony from Caphtor. Probably the first Philistine settlers in Gerar (Gen. 26:1), and in the towns conquered by Judah (Jdg. 1:18), were Casluchians; but afterwards, at the time when they struggled with Israel for empire, in the days of Samson, Eli, and Saul, there had been a second and larger immigration from Crete. As they seem to have spoken a Semitic tongue, they had apparently adopted the language of the Canaanites among whom they had settled, and especially of the Avim (Deu. 2:23). The objection to their being of Egyptian origin, brought from their neglect of the rite of circumcision, has but little weight. The Israelites all but discontinued it (Jos. 5:5), and colonists escaped from the dominion of the priests might gladly dispense with such a custom. There is also much reason for believing that the institution of circumcision in Egypt was of a date subsequent to this emigration.
8. The Caphtorim are generally connected with Crete, but Egyptologers derive the name from Kah-Phthah, the land of Phthah. According to this, the Caphtorim, like the Naphtuhim, would have been true Egyptians, and the Delta, with Memphis, for their capital, would have been their original home. The need of expansion, joined to the seafaring habits learnt on the shores of the Delta, may easily have led them to colonise Crete, while others of the race were going as settlers into Palestine. It is worth notice that while Cyprus and Rhodes are given to the sons of Javan (Gen. 10:4), no mention is there made of Crete.
It is plain from this survey that Mizraim at this time was not of very great extent, these seven tribes being confined to the lands closely bordering on the Delta and the upper part of the Nile valley. There is nothing to indicate that the great city of Thebes had as yet come into existence.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
13. Mizraim The descendants of Mizraim formed the Egyptian nations . Comp . note on Gen 10:6. The names of these seven Egyptian peoples cannot all be with certainty identified . All these words are plurals in im .
Ludim Must be distinguished from the Shemitic Lud. Gen 10:22. A warlike people of Northern Africa, associated by the prophets with the Lybyans and Ethiopians as those who handle the bow and shield.
Isa 66:19; Jer 46:9; Eze 27:10, etc . It is possible, but not probable, that the prophets in the above passages may refer to the Shemitic Lud . Some (Movers) make this a Mauritanian race; others (Knobel) assign them to Northeast Egypt .
Anamim Inhabitants of the Nile Delta.
Lehabim Elsewhere called Lubim, Lybyans, yet not the Lybyans proper, who descended from Phut, but the Egyptian Lybyans, dwelling west of the Nile Delta. Shishak, king of Egypt, had them in the army which he led against Jerusalem in the days of Rehoboam, (2Ch 12:3,) and Nahum and Daniel associate them with the Ethiopians.
Naphtuhim Middle Egyptians, people of Phtah, which is the name of an Egyptian god. Memphis means the dwelling of Phtah. (Gesen., Champol.)
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
‘And Mizraim begat Ludim and Anamim and Lehabim and Naphtuhim and Pathrusim and Casluhim, from where the Pelishtim (Philistines) and Caphtorim went out.’
All these names are plural and represent peoples. The Ludim became famous bowmen and are connected with Egypt and Cush in Jer 46:9 (compare possibly Isa 66:19). The Lehabim may equate with Lubim (2Ch 12:3) and refer to the Libyans, but this is uncertain. Pathrusim – from pa to ris = ‘the land south’ – are the inhabitants of Upper Egypt. The Anamim and Casluhim are unknown with any certainty.
“From where the Philistines and Caphtorim went out”. This interesting comment reveals that originally the Philistines and Caphtorim came from Africa from where they went to the Aegean, settling in Crete and elsewhere, but the African connection was before the time for which we have external confirmation. Again we have a demonstration of ancient knowledge of pre-history associated with Egypt which would serve to confirm pre-Mosaic connections with this Table of Nations.
In Amo 9:7 the Philistines are described as ‘from Caphtor’, and Jeremiah speaks of them as ‘the remnant of the isle (or sea coast) of Caphtor’ connecting them with Tyre and Sidon (Jer 47:4). In Deuteronomy there is mention of ‘the Caphtorim who came from Caphtor’, and as we see in this passage the Philistines and the Caphtorim are related. Caphtor is in fact Crete, referred to in Cuneiform documents as Kaptara (in the Mari archives – 18th century BC and later at Ugarit in Akkadian), and in Egyptian Kaftiu from an original Kaftaru (represented in 15th century BC tomb chapels at Thebes). There is little doubt that they can also be connected with the Cherethites ( 2Sa 15:18; 2Sa 20:7; 2Sa 20:23; Zep 2:5). To some extent the names were used interchangeably.
At this stage there is no mention of Philistine connection with Canaan. The invasion by the sea peoples including the Philistines would not come until about 1200 BC when it would destroy the Hittite Empire. This record was clearly made before then.
Fuente: Commentary Series on the Bible by Peter Pett
Gen 10:13. And Mizraim begat Ludim To return to the other sons of Ham: Mizraim was the father of eight sons, who became the heads of eight nations, or people: the Ludim, or AEthiopians; the Anamim, or Anumenians; the Lehabim, or Libyo-AEgyptians; the Naphtuhim, or people of Marmenia; the Pathrusim, or inhabitants of Pathros, or Thebais; the Casluhim, or inhabitants of Cashiotis, from whom descended the Philistines, who inhabited the maritime part of Canaan towards AEgypt; and the Caphtorim: these also are thought to be a branch of the Philistines.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
Gen 10:13 And Mizraim begat Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim,
Ver. 13, 14, Ludim and Anamim. ] Aben-Ezra thinks that these were names of provinces, and that in every province there was a family; whence also the names are all plural.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Ludim = the Lydians, compare Jer 46:9. Eze 27:10; Eze 30:5.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
Ludim: 1Ch 1:11, 1Ch 1:12, Jer 46:9, Eze 30:5
Reciprocal: 2Ch 12:3 – Lubims Isa 66:19 – Tarshish Jer 47:4 – Caphtor Eze 27:10 – of Lud
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
10:13 And Mizraim begat {h} Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim,
(h) Of Lud came the Lydians.